中美日欧药典溶解度对比

2024-05-29

作者:识林向导@橙子酸o,补充审校:识林向导@沐清风

1. 溶解度控制要求

药典控制要求解读
ChP凡例:溶解度是药品的一种物理性质。各品种项下选用的部分溶剂及其在该溶剂中的溶解性能,可供精制或制备溶液时参考;对在特定溶剂中的溶解性能需作质量控制时,在该品种检查项下另作具体规定。该项目为参考项目,特定溶剂溶解性能需作质量控制时,在该品种检查项下另作具体规定,同时在2023.11发布的《中国药典》药用辅料标准性状项下溶解度调整意见的函中也明确了此项内容,但是关于原料药的控制是否也按照此函的要求进行,目前没有明确的后续规定。
关于征求《中国药典》药用辅料标准性状项下溶解度调整意见的函

一、鉴于性状项下溶解度为参考信息,将《中国药典》药用辅料标准性状项下溶解度的内容调整至标准文末“注”中,与《中国药典》2020年版对原性状项下不宜检测的项目(如引湿、潮解、腐蚀、风化等)的调整方式保持一致⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠。

二、将现版《中国药典》四部凡例第十五条中关于药用辅料性状项下溶解度的相关表述(即:溶解度是一种物理性质。各品种项下选用的部分溶剂及其在该溶剂中的溶解性能,可供精制或制备溶液时参考;对在特定溶剂中的溶解性能需作质量控制时,在该品种检查项下另作具体规定。)调整至《国家药用辅料标准编写细则》的“注”项下进行说明。

此方案如经审议确定,将在《中国药典》2025年版中统一修改。

USPGeneral notices:5.30. Description and solubility

Only where a quantitative solubility test is given in a monograph and is designated as such is it a test for purity. A monograph may include information regarding the article's description. Information about an article's description and solubility" also is provided in the reference table Description and Relative Solubility of USP and NF Articles. The reference table merely denotes the properties of articles that comply with monograph standards. The reference table is intended primarily for those who use, prepare, and dispense drugs and/or related articles. Although the information provided in monographs and the information in the reference table may indirectly assist in the preliminary evaluation of an article, it is not intended to serve as a standard or test for purity.

美国药典将溶解度项目放在了参考信息表中,特定溶剂做质量控制要求时将会在个论中列出,溶解度项目仅作为参考信息,不需要设立标准或作为纯度考察的一个项目,同时关于该项内容在USP FAQs中进行了索引。
USP FAQs 4. Must the specifications described in the Description and Solubility section of the USP-NF be met?

(See also General Notices, section 5.30.)

5.30. Description and Solubility

Only where a quantitative solubility test is given in a monograph and is designated as such is it a test for purity.

A monograph may include information regarding the article's description. Information about an article's "description and solubility" also is provided in the reference table Description and Relative Solubility of USP and NF Articles. The reference table merely denotes the properties of articles that comply with monograph standards. The reference table is intended primarily for those who use, prepare, and dispense drugs and/or related articles. Although the information provided in monographs and the information in the reference table may indirectly assist in the preliminary evaluation of an article, it is not intended to serve as standard or test for purity.


Ph. Eur.General notices: 1.5.1.7 Characters The statements in the Characters section do not constitute. Eur. requirements and are given for information only. Hygroscopicity, crystallinity, solubility. See general chapter 5.11. Characters section in monographs.性状项下(包括溶解度)的描述仅作为参考信息并不构成欧洲药典的要求。
JPGeneral notices

5. The JP Drugs are to be tested according to the provisions given in the pertinent monographs, General Notices, General Rules for Crude Drugs, General Rules for Preparations, and General Tests for their conformity to the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. However, the headings of "Description", and in addition "Con-trainers and storage", and "Shelf life", in the mono-graphs on preparations are given for information, and should not be taken as indicating standards for conformity. Nevertheless, Containers under "Containers and storage", in the monograph on preparations con-training crude drugs as main active ingredients are the standards for conformity.

性状项下仅作为参考信息,不作为药典符合性的检测标准。

总结:

1、美国药典将溶解度项目放在了参考信息表中(除特定溶剂下溶解度定量控制外),其余药典溶解度在产品的个论项下。

2、美国药典、欧洲药典、日本药典均明确规定溶解度项目为参考项目,不作为质量控制要求。

3、中国药典凡例中也规定了溶解度作为参考,但未明确可不作为质量标准控制,同时在2023.11发布的《中国药典》药用辅料标准性状项下溶解度调整意见的函中也明确了此项内容,但是关于原料药的控制是否也按照此函的要求进行,目前没有明确的后续规定。

2. 溶解度检测要求

截至2024.04.18,对中美日欧的溶解度进行分析对比,并附上药典翻译及原文。

2.1 ChP(2020年版)

文献位置:药典的凡例部分

试验方法:

除另有规定外,称取研成细粉的供试品或量取液体供试品,于25℃±2℃一定容量的溶剂中,每隔5分钟强力振摇30 秒,观察30分钟内的溶解情况,如无目视可见的溶质颗粒或液滴时,即视为完全溶解。

描述形式:

相关名词术语如下:

极易溶解系指溶质1g(ml)能在溶剂不到1ml 溶解;
易溶系指溶质1g(ml)能在溶剂1~不到10ml 中溶解;
溶解系指溶质1g(ml)能在溶剂10~不到30ml 中溶解;
略溶系指溶质1g(ml)能在溶剂30~不到100ml 中溶解;
微溶系指溶质1g(ml)能在溶剂100~不到1000ml 中溶解;
极微溶解系指溶质1g(ml)能在溶剂1000~不到10000ml 中溶解;
几乎不溶或不溶系指溶质1g(ml)能在溶剂10000ml 中不能完全溶解。

2.2 USP-NF(2024 Issue 1)

文献位置:DESCRIPTION AND RELATIVE SOLUBILITY

试验方法:该章节未进行描述

描述形式:

描述性用语一份溶质所需的溶剂份数
极易溶解(Very soluble)少于1
易溶(Freely soluble)从1到10
溶解(Soluble)从10到30
略溶(Sparingly soluble)从30到100
微溶(Slightly soluble)从100到1000
极微溶解(Very slightly soluble)从1000到10000
几乎不溶或不溶(Practically insoluble)10000及以上

2.3 JP(18/ⅩⅧ)

文献位置:《通則~一般試験法》通则

试验方法:

【译文】除另有规定外,指将药品制成固体形式的粉末,置于溶剂中,每5分钟在20±5℃下强烈摇动一次持续30秒,指30分钟内的溶解度。

【原文】別に規定するもののほか,医薬品を固形の場合は粉末とした後,溶媒中に入れ,20±5℃で5分ごとに強く30秒間振り混ぜるとき,30分以内に溶ける度合をいう.

描述形式:

用语1 g 或 1 mL 溶质溶解所需的溶剂量
极易溶解(極めて溶けやすい)
不到1ml
易溶(溶けやすい)1ml以上不到10ml
溶解(やや溶けやすい)10ml以上不到30ml
略溶(やや溶けにくい)30ml以上不到100ml
微溶(溶けにくい)100ml以上不到1000ml
极微溶解(極めて溶けにくい)1000ml以上不到10000ml
几乎不溶或不溶(ほとんど溶けない)
10000ml以上

2.4 EP(11.5)

文献位置:5.11 characters section in monographs

试验方法:

【译文/原文】

对于该试验,需要最多111 mg物质(对于每种溶剂)和最多30 mL每种溶剂

For this test a maximum of 111 mg of substance (for each solvent) and a maximum of 30 mL of each solvent are necessary

溶解程序

剧烈摇晃1分钟,置于恒温装置中,在25.0±0.5℃的温度下保持15分钟。如果物质没有完全溶解,重复摇晃1分钟并将管置于恒温装置内15分钟。

Dissolving procedure

Shake vigorously for 1 min and place in a constant temperature device, maintained at a temperature of 25.0 ± 0.5 °C for 15 min. If the substance is not completely dissolved, repeat the shaking for 1 min and place the tube in the constant temperature device for 15 min..

方法

称取100 mg细粉末状物质(90)(2.9.12)于具塞管(内径16 mm,长160 mm)中,加入0.1 mL溶剂,按照溶解程序进行。如果这种物质完全溶解,则为极易溶解

Method

Weigh 100 mg of finely powdered substance (90) (2.9.12) in a stoppered tube (16 mm in internal diameter and 160 mm long), add 0.1 mL of the solvent and proceed as described under Dissolving Procedure. If the substance is completely dissolved, it is very soluble.

如果物质未完全溶解,则添加0.9 mL溶剂,并按照溶解程序进行操作。如果该物质完全溶解,则为易溶

If the substance is not completely dissolved, add 0.9 mL of the solvent and proceed as described under Dissolving Procedure. If the substance is completely dissolved, it is freely soluble.

如果物质未完全溶解,则添加2.0 mL溶剂,并按照溶解程序进行操作。如果物质完全溶解,则为溶解。

If the substance is not completely dissolved, add 2.0 mL of the solvent and proceed as described under Dissolving Procedure. If the substance is completely dissolved, it is soluble.

如果物质未完全溶解,则添加7.0 mL溶剂,并按照溶解程序进行操作。如果物质完全溶解,则为略溶

If the substance is not completely dissolved, add 7.0 mL of the solvent and proceed as described under Dissolving Procedure. If the substance is completely dissolved, it is sparingly soluble

如果该物质未完全溶解,则称取10 mg细粉末状物质(90)(2.9.12)于具塞管中,加入10.0 mL溶剂,并按照溶解程序进行。如果该物质完全溶解,则为微溶

If the substance is not completely dissolved, weigh 10 mg of finely powdered substance (90) (2.9.12) in a stoppered tube, add 10.0 mL of the solvent and proceed as described under Dissolving Procedure. If the substance is completely dissolved, it is slightly soluble.

如果该物质未完全溶解,在带塞的管中称取1 mg细粉末状物质(90)(2.9.12),加入10.0 mL溶剂,并按照溶解程序进行。如果该物质完全溶解,则为极微溶解

If the substance is not completely dissolved, weigh 1 mg of finely powdered substance (90) (2.9.12) in a stoppered tube, add 10.0 mL of the solvent and proceed as described under Dissolving Procedure. If the substance is completely dissolved, it is very slightly soluble.

描述形式:

描述性用语每克溶质的溶剂体积(以毫升计)
极易溶解(Very soluble)少于1

易溶(Freely soluble)110
溶解(Soluble)1030
略溶(Sparingly soluble)30100
微溶(Slightly soluble)1001000
极微溶解(Very slightly soluble)100010000
几乎不溶或不溶(Practically insoluble)超过

10000

术语“部分可溶”用于描述只有部分成分溶解的混合物。术语“可混溶”用于描述与所述溶剂按各种比例可混溶的液体。

The term 'partly soluble' is used to describe a mixture where only some of the components dissolve. The term 'miscible' is used to describe a liquid that is miscible in all proportions with the stated solven

2.5 对比总结

项目ChP(2020年版)USP-NF(2024 Issue 1)JP(18/ⅩⅧ)EP(11.5)备注
溶解度分类7种7种7种7种分类数量相同
专业术语及溶剂用量极易溶解

<1ml

Very soluble

<1ml

極めて溶けやすい

<1ml

Very soluble

≤1ml

1)中美日溶剂用量一致;

2)EP药典中溶解度表格结合溶解度测试描述,溶剂用量节点不一致

易溶

≥1 ml,<10 ml

Freely soluble

≥1 ml,<10 ml

溶けやすい

≥1 ml,<10 ml

Freely soluble

>1ml,≤10 ml

溶解

≥10 ml,<30 ml

Soluble

≥10 ml,<30 ml

やや溶けやすい

≥10 ml,<30 ml

Soluble

>10 ml,≤30 ml

略溶

≥30 ml,<100 ml

Sparingly soluble

≥30 ml,<100 ml

やや溶けにくい

≥30 ml,<100 ml

Sparingly soluble

>30 ml,≤100 ml

微溶

≥100 ml,<1000 ml

Slightly soluble

≥100 ml,<1000 ml

溶けにくい

≥100 ml,<1000 ml

Slightly soluble

>100 ml,≤1000 ml

极微溶解

≥1000 ml,<10000 ml

Very slightly soluble

≥1000 ml,<10000 ml

極めて溶けにくい

≥1000 ml,<10000 ml

Very slightly soluble

>1000 ml,≤10000 ml

几乎不溶或不溶

≥10000ml

Practically insoluble

≥10000 ml

ほとんど溶けない

≥10000 ml

Practically insoluble

>10000 ml

试验方法除另有规定外,称取研成细粉[1]的供试品或量取液体供试品,于25℃±2℃一定容量的溶剂中,每隔5分钟强力振摇30 秒,观察30分钟内的溶解情况,如无目视可见的溶质颗粒或液滴时,即视为完全溶解未进行描述除另有规定外,指将药品制成固体形式的粉末,置于溶剂中,每5分钟20±5℃强烈摇动一次持续30秒,指30分钟内的溶解度称取细粉末状物质(90)[2]具塞管中,加入溶剂,剧烈摇晃1分钟,置于恒温装置中,在25.0±0.5℃的温度下保持15分钟。如果物质没有完全溶解,重复摇晃1分钟并将管置于恒温装置内15分钟样品前处理、容器、实验温度、溶解程序不完全一致

备注:

[1] ChP药典中,细粉含义为“指能全部通过五号筛,并含能通过六号筛不少于95% 的粉末”;

[2] EP药典的2.4.1SIEVES中,表格2.1.4-1 (values in micrometers)标注了(90)筛网的尺寸要求。